Vatican to debate teachings on divorce, birth control, gay unions

Pope Francis meets with Polish President Bronislaw Komorowski, left, at the Vatican. On the pontiff's orders, the Vatican will convene a meeting of senior clerics this fall to reexamine church teachings that touch the most intimate aspects of people's lives. (Vincenzo Pinto / AFP/Getty Images / April 26, 2014)

Pope Francis meets with Polish President Bronislaw Komorowski, left, at the Vatican. On the pontiff’s orders, the Vatican will convene a meeting of senior clerics this fall to reexamine church teachings that touch the most intimate aspects of people’s lives. (Vincenzo Pinto / AFP/Getty Images / April 26, 2014)

 

Contraception, cohabitation, divorce, remarriage and same-sex unions: They’re issues that pain and puzzle Roman Catholics who want to be true to both their church and themselves.

Now those issues are about to be put up for debate by their leader, a man who appears determined to push boundaries and effect change.

On Pope Francis‘ orders, the Vatican will convene an urgent meeting of senior clerics this fall to reexamine church teachings that touch the most intimate aspects of people’s lives. Billed as an “extraordinary” assembly of bishops, the gathering could herald a new approach by the church to the sensitive topics.

Los Angeles Times’ Henry Chu reports from Vatican City on the synod taking place this fall.

 

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Religion and Democracy at Odds for Some Afghan Youth

by Katherine Davis

In what was widely lauded as a sign of increasing stability in Afghanistan, 7 million Afghan voters headed to the polls this week.

The Taliban had pressured Afghans not to take part in the vote. They even threatened that anyone with blue ink on their finger—signifying they had voted—would be a target for violence. But, with the exception of a few minor attacks, the polling took place relatively peacefully. Many publications wrote about the event optimistically. Continue reading

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“Religion, Democracy and the Arab Awakening” April 25, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism

RD&AA poster
“Religion Democracy and the Arab Awakening,” sponsored by the USC Center for Islamic Thought, Culture and Practice, the USC Knight Program in Media and Religion and Global Post, is a one-day conference aimed at advancing knowledge and strengthening coverage of a critical topic. The conference will conclude with a keynote address by Professor Tariq Ramadan at 5 p.m. in the Annenberg Auditorium. A reception will follow.

To RSVP, visit annenberg.usc.edu/RSVP
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Hindu nationalism takes driver’s seat in Indian election

Indian billboard

 

MUMBAI — His face is everywhere in this coastal city of more than 12 million, India’s commercial capital and the home of Bollywood. His chosen hue is saffron, Hinduism’s most sacred color which is splashed on the glitzy billboards adorning busy overpasses, the signs of supporters at street corner rallies and the cups of chai handed out at political tea parties.

He is Narendra Modi, the leading political face of a growing Hindu nationalist movement and a leading candidate in India’s national elections, a six-week, $5 billion “festival of democracy” which gets underway Monday. Voters will elect a lower house of parliament that will represent the country’s 1.2 billion people — and NaMo, as he is known, has seized the moment.

The charismatic, gray-bearded prime ministerial candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and his allies say they are hell-bent on cleaning up deeply ingrained political corruption, kickstarting India’s sputtering economic growth and boosting the country’s prestige on the world stage. Modi is expected to win a seat in parliament and his party favored to secure considerably more clout in a multi-party election that could even yield a rare majority for the BJP.

But there are many critics here in Mumbai, the birthplace and traditional stronghold of the incumbent Indian National Congress, who oppose the BJP’s platform. Despite reassuring language of Hindu ideals of tolerance and acceptance, these critics say the BJP’s policies run counter to those ideals. Though the BJP has won power before, holding the majority from 1998 to 2004, there is a sense that the current nationalist wave represents a more fundamental shift in India’s identity.

“They believe in the hegemony of a particular religion, which has never been practiced in this country,” said Indian activist Simpreet Singh, who advocates for Mumbai slum dwellers facing eviction due to development projects.

Kevin Douglas Grant reports on the politics of religion in India’s upcoming elections for GlobalPost.

 

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/india/140404/hindu-nationalism-india-elections

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Religious Right Stages a Skirmish to Win in a War It’s Losing in Mississippi

According to the stark red-state vs. blue-state narrative that shapes news media coverage of contemporary politics in the U.S., conservative places are becoming redder and progressive places are becoming bluer with each passing election cycle.

But in the tightly interwoven political and religious cultures of the Deep South, a right-wing legislative victory can belie a deeper leftward trend in the region’s zeitgeist.

Take, for example, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, a bill heading to the desk of Republican Gov. Phil Bryant of Mississippi. The measure—which would allow business owners to discriminate against LGBT customers on religious grounds as well as add the phrase “In God We Trust” to the State Seal—trades on conservative interests like those that motivated a similar piece of legislation recently vetoed by Jan Brewer, Arizona’s Republican governor.

Most mainstream news outlets—including USA Today, TIME, the Guardian and the Los Angeles Times—cast the Mississippi initiative as Arizona manqué (disaffecting the NFL isn’t a big concern in Mississippi, but even the bill’s opponents concede that its fangs are smaller by comparison). That said, enactment into law seems likely, countering a conservative setback in Phoenix with a victory in Jackson.

This analysis is thorough only if news consumers tacitly accept the premise that all politics is national—an expression, even at the state and local level, of the priorities of party officials and their allied lobbyists in Washington. But scratch a little bit beneath the surface of the story and Mississippi’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act looks less like an affirmation of the state’s commitment to the broader conservative movement and more like the scorched-earth strategy of a political faction that sees its fortunes shifting in the trenches.

Since the beginning of the year, three Mississippi college towns—Starkville, Oxford and Hattiesburg—have passed “inclusivity resolutions” affirming the “dignity and worth” of all citizens, including LGBT people. While these resolutions lack the force of law and are therefore unlikely instruments for the undoing of legislation at the state level, they do reflect demographic trends that dim the long-term prospects for the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. A Human Rights Campaign poll cited by the Mississippi Business Journal determined that 64 percent of all Mississippians back workplace nondiscrimination policies for LGBT employees, and roughly 60 percent of those under 30 support marriage equality.

As Sarah Goodyear observes in the Atlantic, moves at the local level say much more about where Mississippi is ultimately heading than does the legislation awaiting the governor’s signature in Jackson. If that conclusion isn’t exactly an indictment of the accuracy of other mainstream news coverage of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, it does expose another instance in which the “liberal media” often elide context and nuance in a way that favors a more conservative angle on the news.

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The Roots of Nigeria’s Religious and Ethnic Conflict

Nigerian Army forces man a checkpoint to protect Sunday Christian prayer services in Sokoto, Nigeria on April 14, 2013, where less than 5 percent of the population is Christian. (Ed Kashi/VII/GlobalPost)

Nigerian Army forces man a checkpoint to protect Sunday Christian prayer services in Sokoto, Nigeria on April 14, 2013, where less than 5 percent of the population is Christian. (Ed Kashi/VII/GlobalPost)

Modern Nigeria emerged through the merging of two British colonial territories in 1914. The amalgamation was an act of colonial convenience. It occurred mainly because British colonizers desired a contiguous colonial territory stretching from the arid Sahel to the Atlantic Coast, and because Northern Nigeria, one of the merging units, was not paying its way while Southern Nigeria, the other British colony, generated revenue in excess of its administrative expenses.

It made practical administrative sense to have one coherent British colony rather than two. It also made sense to merge a revenue-challenged colonial territory with a prosperous colonial neighbor, so the latter can subsidize the former.

The amalgamation made little sense otherwise and has often been invoked by Nigerians as the foundation of the rancorous relationship between the two regions of Nigeria. Northern Nigeria, now broken into several states and three geopolitical blocs, is largely Muslim. It was the center of a precolonial Islamic empire called the Sokoto Caliphate, and its Muslim populations, especially those whose ancestors had been part of the caliphate, generally look to the Middle East and the wider Muslim world for solidarity and sociopolitical example. The South, an ethnically diverse region containing many states and three geopolitical units, is largely Christian. The major sociopolitical influences there are Western and traditional African.

Moses Ochonu, associate professor of African history at Vanderbilt University, traces the roots of the conflict between Nigeria’s Christian and Muslim populations for GlobalPost’s Special Report, “A Bridge in Kaduna: Crossing Nigeria’s Muslim Christian Divide.”

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The Good, the Bad and the Underreported

You know you’re a journalism geek when good reporting excites you.

Such was my experience upon reading Sonia Paul’s most recent post for the New York Times’ India Ink blog. I’ve been working with students in Diane Winston’s J585 reporting seminar on issues related to Indian Muslims and the country’s upcoming national elections. Some of the questions in the back of my mind: apart from Salman Khan, is there Muslim support for Narendra Modi and his conservative Bharatiya Janata Party—the primary political expression of Hindu nationalism? If so, what interests motivate those supporters? Does a given community’s collusion with or opposition to BJP’s agenda reflect sectarian tensions within Indian Islam? How do regional politics and class differences figure into the equation?

Paul touches on each of these issues, and she even throws a wry commentator into the mix: Last week, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, which Paul describes as “the ideological parent group” of the BJP, arranged a meeting with several dozen prominent Muslims in Lucknow. “’It’s as if the Ku Klux Klan decided to have an interaction with the blacks,’ said Mohammad Rashid, 49, a Sunni activist and writer.”

On the other end of the spectrum is a Reuters piece on megachurches in East Asia. Excited by it I was not. The three focal points of the article—outsized congregations, intimations of clerical corruption and the venal spirituality of the prosperity gospel—are newsworthy only if you’ve not been following the news for the past decade or so. More to the point, the laziness of the reporting actually misleads. It’s true that Christianity is growing quickly in the developing world and Pentecostal movements are the vanguard of that growth, but megachurches are actually in decline, in large part because of the well-reported problems that are repackaged as news in this dispatch. (Yoido Full Gospel Church in South Korea, for example, has lost as much as half its membership as a consequence of schism and restructuring over the past several years.)

The real story is the emergence of homegrown neo-Pentecostal movements in places like the United Arab Emirates, Kenya, China and Brazil. These latest iterations of charismatic Protestant Christianity are outpacing the growth of first-generation denominations like the Assemblies of God as well as second-generation megachurches like Yoido, City Harvest in Singapore and Believer’s Church in India.

And the story within the story: “Progressive Pentecostalism” in places like Indonesia, Nigeria and El Salvador is emerging as a corrective to the increasing formalism of first-generation movements and the insularity and venality of second-generation megachurches.

At this point, probing the finances of scandalized megachurch pastors is ground that has been trod into a rut. A better use of a plucky, globe-trotting reporter’s time might be to inquire whether Pentecostal progressives in, say, Lagos (where pastors have collaborated with Muslims on issues related to healthcare and education) or San Salvador (where evangelical NGOs network with the Socialist-led central government and the fractious Catholic hierarchy) might be willing to temper their country’s Christian animus toward LGBT rights.

The sympathies and sensibilities of leaders in these movements are oriented in that direction. But would their congregations follow them down such a path? Would the political and religious coalitions that are distinct to progressive Pentecostalism collapse, or would the controversy clarify true alliances? These are the sorts of questions a reporter in the mold of Sonia Paul might ask about global Pentecostalism.

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Secularism on the decline in France

French far-right Front National (FN) party president Marine Le Pen (C) speaks during a political rally in Beaucaire in support of the local municipal FN candidate, on February 22, 2014.

French far-right Front National (FN) party president Marine Le Pen (C) speaks during a political rally in Beaucaire in support of the local municipal FN candidate, on February 22, 2014.

 

PARIS — When 34 percent of surveyed voters admit they agree with the ideas of a political movement that is protectionist, anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim and anti-Euro, France has a problem.

France’s far-right political party, Front National, has surged in popularity over the past year to its highest level in thirty years. Led by European Parliament Member Marine Le Pen, the party has bragged it could win elections in at least 15 cities this year.

Emma-Kate Symons reports on the rise of the extreme right in France for GlobalPost.

 

 

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Covering the Long History of Ethnic, Religious Violence in Crimea

by Heather McIlvaine

Last week, armed men wearing military uniforms displaying no markings of nationality – but widely assumed to be Russian – seized control of Simferopol International Airport and a military airfield in Crimea, an autonomous peninsula in southern Ukraine.

On Sunday, Russian President Vladimir Putin openly sent hundreds of troops to the peninsula in response to calls for help by pro-Russian Crimean leaders. As a result, Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk accused Putin of declaring war on his country, warning the world, “We are on the brink of disaster.”

With that, the media’s gaze officially shifted from weeks of bloody protests in Kiev to the escalating tensions in Crimea, a region with its own fraught ties to Russia and a long history of ethnic and religious violence.

Here, the narrative is considerably more complex than the simple East-West dichotomy that many reporters relied on to explain the events in Kiev. For the most part, the Western news media did their history homework before parachuting into Crimea.

For example, early last week, New York Times reporters identified the significance of the Muslim population in the peninsula, a group that largely was absent from Kiev coverage: “With cries of ‘Allahu akbar,’ Arabic for ‘God is great,’ thousands of protesters in the capital of Ukraine’s Crimea region, a tinderbox of ethnic, religious and political divisions, added an Islamic voice on Wednesday to the tumultuous struggle for Ukraine.”

In another article titled “Crimea’s Bloody Past Is a Key to Its Present,” the Times touched on key historical events that give much-needed context to the current conflict.

For one, Crimean Tatars – a minority group of Turkish-speaking Muslims indigenous to the peninsula – were deported en masse to Soviet labor camps in Uzbekistan after World War II and were only able to return to their homeland after the fall of the Soviet Union. (The Times didn’t reach as far back as 1783, when Russia annexed the region, beginning a centuries-long period of exile and massacre for Crimean Tatars.)

And then there’s the fact that Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev gifted Crimea to Ukraine in 1954. This was mostly a symbolic gesture at the time, but with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, it left Crimea’s ethnic Russians feeling as if they were living in a foreign country.

Thus, it should come as no surprise that pro-Russian Crimean leaders called on Putin to intervene in what they saw as an illegitimate pro-Western government takeover in Kiev.

And it’s also clear why Crimean Tatars feel the need to add their Islamic voice to the protests: For them, the idea of Russian invasion is more than just an ideological dispute; it’s a historically familiar threat to their very identity.

Al Jazeera homed in on this aspect of Crimean Tatar identity in its reporting on the conflict, and the AP also presented key historical context. Other outlets like BusinessWeek probed the region’s close relationship with Russia.

Today, ethnic Russians make up 60 percent of the Crimean population, while Ukrainians account for 25 percent, and Crimean Tatars 12 percent.

All of this makes a quick Russian exit from Crimea seem unlikely, leaving the U.S. and Europe in a difficult position. As a Times news analysis explained, economic sanctions and political isolation proved ineffective in convincing Putin to pull troops out of Georgia when ethnic Russians were agitating for independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in 2008. It seems unlikely the situation will be different, this time around.

Moreover, the U.S. needs Russian cooperation in dealing with Syria and Iran, and Europe may be leery of cutting off its largest supplier of natural gas.

One thing is certain: the U.S. news media will likely be covering the conflict in Crimea for a while longer. Reporters must continue to give space to historical context and cultural nuance, as many have done so far.

Because ultimately, the conflict is about identity: What does it mean to Russian or Ukrainian or Crimean Tatar? And what happens when the lines drawn around your country on the map don’t reflect that identity? Complex questions deserve thorough, intelligent answers.

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Depth of Myanmar Crisis Still Poorly Reported

The government of Myanmar has forced Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) to cease its operations in Rakhine state, home to Myanmar’s tiny Rohingya Muslim minority. Rohingya Muslims constitute one of the world’s poorest ethnic groups—MSF has for years served as the sole healthcare provider to a community of 1 million people, many of whom live in isolated refugee camps—and also one of the most vulnerable. MSF’s response to recent Buddhist-led violence against Muslims in Rakhine, which the government in Yangon denies, appears to have prompted MSF’s censure.

Reuters, NPR, the Wall Street Journal, Voice of America and other Western news media outlets quickly picked up on the story, which follows on the heels of a less widely reported development: the proposal of legislation, prompted by a petition drafted by prominent Buddhist monks, to “protect the race and religion” of the country’s Buddhist majority. The bill would place restrictions on religious conversion and interfaith marriage, ban polygamy and attempt to control population growth—measures squarely aimed at Myanmar’s economically and politically disenfranchised Muslim minority. As of this writing, Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, whom Western activists have pressed to speak out more forcefully on behalf of minority Muslims, has declined to condemn the legislation.

In recent weeks, events in Ukraine and Syria have dominated international coverage in U.S. news media, priorities that reflect American anxieties over Russian influence, on the one hand, and stability in the Middle East, on the other. But as the Christian Science Monitor reported earlier this week, the regional refugee crisis spawned by Myanmar’s repression of the Rohingya is complicating Yangon’s efforts to integrate itself into the global market economy, a process initiated through American diplomacy at time when Myanmar’s monks were being valorized rather than rebuked by their Westernized coreligionists.

As with so much else in the era of globalization, no instance of inter-group violence happens in isolation, regardless of whether news consumers choose to direct their attention toward the conflict.

This inattentiveness is largely a consequence of the Myanmar story’s upending of common prejudices and expectations: In news media narratives since the ouster of Saddam Hussein, Muslims are seldom portrayed as victims of repression who need our sympathy and assistance. And Asian Buddhist monks are generally depicted as cryptic but kindly vectors of the therapized form of Buddhist practice that dominates Western spiritual culture.

As I’ve suggested before, reporting on Buddhist violence against Muslims in Myanmar has typically traded on the sensationalism and novelty of the story without generating the kind of sustained coverage that the crisis in Rakhine deserves. The suspension of MSF’s activities, coupled with proposed anti-Muslim legislation and Aung San Suu Kyi’s circumspection in the face of injustice, provides journalists with a chance to change that deplorable inertia.

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